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F. Caloni, Isabella De Angelis, Thomas Härtung
Alternative methods to animal use in toxicology are evolving with new advanced tools and multilevel approaches, to answer from one side to 3Rs requirements, and on the other side offering relevant and valid tests for drugs and chemicals, considering also their combination in test strategies, for a proper risk assessment.While stand-alone methods, have demonstrated to be applicable for some specific toxicological predictions with some limitations, the new strategy for the application of New Approach Methods (NAM), to solve complex toxicological endpoints is addressed by Integrated Approaches for Testing and Assessment (IATA), aka Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) or Defined Approaches for Testing and Assessment (DA). The central challenge of evidence integration is shared with the needs of risk assessment and systematic reviews of an evidence-based Toxicology. Increasingly, machine learning (aka Artificial Intelligence, AI) lends itself to integrate diverse evidence streams.In this article, we give an overview of the state of the art of alternative methods and IATA in toxicology for regulatory use for various hazards, outlining future orientation and perspectives. We call on leveraging the synergies of integrated approaches and evidence integration from in vivo, in vitro and in silico as true in vivitrosi.
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Caloni, F., Angelis, I. D., & Härtung, T. (2022). Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi. Archives of Toxicology, 96(7), 1935–1950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x
Caloni, F., et al. "Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi." Archives of Toxicology, vol. 96, no. 7, 2022, pp. 1935–1950, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x.
Caloni, F., Isabella De Angelis, and Thomas Härtung. "Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi." Archives of Toxicology 96, no. 7 (2022): 1935–1950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x.
Caloni F., Angelis I. D., Härtung T. Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi // Archives of Toxicology. — 2022. — Vol. 96, № 7. — P. 1935–1950. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x
@article{caloni2022replacement,
title = {{Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi}},
author = {F. Caloni and Isabella De Angelis and Thomas Härtung},
journal = {Archives of Toxicology},
year = {2022},
volume = {96},
number = {7},
pages = {1935--1950},
doi = {10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x}
}TY - JOUR AU - Caloni, F. AU - Angelis, Isabella De AU - Härtung, Thomas TI - Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi JO - Archives of Toxicology VL - 96 IS - 7 SP - 1935 EP - 1950 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/03 DO - 10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03299-x ER -
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