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Jaimie D Steinmetz, Katrin Maria Seeher, Nicoline Schiess, Emma L. Nichols, Bochen Cao, Chiara Servili, Vanessa Cavallera, Ewerton Cousin, Hailey Hagins, Madeline E Moberg and 1254 more
BACKGROUND: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. FINDINGS: Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378-521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20-3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5-45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7-26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6-38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5-32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7-2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. INTERPRETATION: As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Steinmetz, J. D., Seeher, K. M., Schiess, N., Nichols, E. L., Cao, B., Servili, C., Cavallera, V., Cousin, E., Hagins, H., Moberg, M. E., Mehlman, M. L., Abate, Y. H., Abbas, J., Abbasi, M. A., Abbasian, M., Abbastabar, H., Abdelmasseh, M., Abdollahi, M. R., Abdollahi, M., … Dua, T. (2024). Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Neurology, 23(4), 344–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3
Steinmetz, Jaimie D, et al. "Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021." The Lancet Neurology, vol. 23, no. 4, 2024, pp. 344–381, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3.
Steinmetz, Jaimie D, Katrin Maria Seeher, Nicoline Schiess, Emma L. Nichols, Bochen Cao, Chiara Servili, Vanessa Cavallera, et al. "Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021." The Lancet Neurology 23, no. 4 (2024): 344–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3.
Steinmetz J. D., Seeher K. M., Schiess N. [и др.] Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 // The Lancet Neurology. — 2024. — Vol. 23, № 4. — P. 344–381. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3
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title = {{Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021}},
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Pritchett and Hery Purnobasuki and Nameer Hashim Qasim and Ibrahim Qattea and Gangzhen Qian and Venkatraman Srinivasan Radhakrishnan and Pourya Raee and Hadi Raeisi Shahraki and Ibrar Rafique and Alberto Raggi and Pankaja Raghav Raghav and Meghdad M Rahati and Fakher Rahim and Zahra Rahimi and Mahban Rahimifard and Obaidur Rahman and Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman and Mosiur Rahman and Muhammad Aziz Rahman and Amir Masoud Rahmani and Shayan Rahmani and Hamed Rahmani Youshanlouei and Masoud Rahmati and Sheetal Raj Moolambally and Ali Rajabpour-Sanati and Hazem Ramadan and Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy and Premkumar Ramasubramani and Sheena Ramazanu and Nemanja Rančić and Indu Ramachandra Rao and Sowmya J Rao and Deepthi Rapaka and Vahid Rashedi and Ahmed Mustafa Rashid and Mohammad‐Mahdi Rashidi and Mehran Rashidi Alavijeh and Ashkan Rasouli‐Saravani and Salman Rawaf and Christian Razo and Elrashdy M Moustafa Mohamed Redwan and Atefe Rekabi Bana and Giuseppe Remuzzi and Nazila Rezaei and Negar Rezaei and Nima Rezaei and Mohsen Rezaeian and Taeho Greg Rhee and Abanoub Riad and Stephen R. Robinson and Mónica Rodrigues and Jefferson Antonio Buendía and Leonardo Roever and Emma L B Rogowski and Michele Romoli and Luca Ronfani and Priyanka Roy and Koushik Roy Pramanik and Enrico Rubagotti and Milagros A Ruiz and Tom C. Russ and Katharina Stibrant Sunnerhagen and Aly M A Saad and Zahra Saadatian and Korosh Saber and Morteza SaberiKamarposhti and Simona Sacco and Basema Ahmad Saddik and Erfan Sadeghi and Saeid Sadeghian and Umar Saeed and Usman Saeed and Mahdi Safdarian and Sher Zaman Safi and Rajesh Sagar and Dominic Sagoe and Fatemeh Saheb Sharif‐Askari and Narjes Saheb Sharif‐Askari and Amirhossein Sahebkar and Soumya Swaroop Sahoo and Mohammad Ali Sahraian and Seyed Aidin Sajedi and Joseph W. Sakshaug and Mohamed A. Saleh and Hossein Salehi Omran and Marwa Rashad Salem and Sohrab Salimi and Hossein Samadi Kafil and Sara Samadzadeh and Saad J. 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Shahsavari and Moyad Jamal Shahwan and Masood Ali Shaikh and KS Shaji and Sunder Sham and Adisu Tafari Shama and Muhammad Aaqib Shamim and Mehran Shams-Beyranvand and Mohammad Anas Shamsi and Mohd Shanawaz and Medha Sharath and Sadaf Sharfaei and Amin Sharifan and Manoj Sharma and Rajesh Sharma and Bereket Beyene Shashamo and Maryam Shayan and Rahim Ali Sheikhi and Shashank Shekhar and Jiabin Shen and Suchitra M Shenoy and Pavanchand H Shetty and Desalegn Shiferaw and Mika Shigematsu and Rahman Shiri and Aminu Shittu and K. M. Shivakumar and Fereshteh Shokri and Sina Shool and Seyed Afshin Shorofi and Sunil Shrestha and Akhenaten Benjamin Siankam Tankwanchi and Emmanuel Edwar Siddig and Inga Dóra Sigfúsdóttir and João Pedro Silva and Luís R. 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Steiner and Lars Jacob Stovner and Muhammad Suleman and Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader and Abida Sultana and Jing Sun and David Sunkersing and Angel Sunny and Hani Susianti and Chandan Kumar Swain and Mindy D Szeto and Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos and Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei and Shima Tabatabai and Mohammad Tabish and Majid Taheri and Azin Tahvildari and Ardeshir Tajbakhsh and Mircea Ştefan Tampa and Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi and Ker‐Kan Tan and Haosu Tang and Minale Tareke and Ingan Ukur Tarigan and Nathan Y Tat and Vivian Y Tat and Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee and Seyed Mohammad Tavangar and Arian Tavasol and Yibekal Manaye Tefera and Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi and Worku Animaw Temesgen and Mohamad-Hani A. Temsah and Masayuki Teramoto and Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye and Edosa Geta Tesfaye and Riki Tesler and Ocean Thakali and Pugazhenthan Thangaraju and Rajshree Thapa and Rekha Thapar and Nikhil Kenny Thomas and Amanda Gay Thrift and Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu and Tala Tillawi and Razie Toghroli and Marcello A. Tonelli and Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone and Eugenio Traini and Nghia Minh Tran and Ngoc-Ha Tran and Van Phu Tran and Samuel Joseph Tromans and Thomas Clement Truelsen and Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen and Aristidis Michael Tsatsakis and Guesh Mebrahtom Tsegay and Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini and Abdul Rohim Tualeka and Derara Girma and Chukwudi S. Ubah and Aniefiok John Udoakang and Inam Ulhaq and Muhammad Umair and Srikanth Umakanthan and Krishna Kishore Umapathi and Brigid Unim and Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan and Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan and Alireza Vakilian and Sahel Valadan Tahbaz and Rohollah Valizadeh and Jef Van den Eynde and Priya Vart and Shoban Babu Varthya and Tommi Juhani Vasankari and Siavash Vaziri and Balachandar Vellingiri and Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian and Georgios‐Ioannis Verras and Dominique Vervoort and Jorge Hugo Villafañe and Leonardo Villani and Andrés Fernando Vinueza Veloz and Maria Viskadourou and Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov and Vasily Vlassov and Simona Ruxandra Volovăț and Loc Tri Vu and Isidora S Vujcic and Birhanu Wagaye and Yasir Waheed and Waseem Wahood and Mandaras Tariku Walde and Fang Wang and Shu Wang and Yanzhong Wang and Yuan‐Pang Wang and Muhammad Salman Waqas and Abdul Waris and Kosala Weerakoon and Robert G Weintraub and Abrha Hailay Weldemariam and Ronny Westerman and Joanna L Whisnant and Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe and Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe and Barbara M. P. Willekens and Lauren Blair Wilner and Andrea Sylvia Winkler and Charles D.A. Wolfe and Aimin Wu and Sarah Wulf Hanson and Suowen Xu and Xiaoyue Xu and Ali Yadollahpour and Sajad Yaghoubi and Galal Yahya and Kazumasa Yamagishi and Lin Yang and Yuichiro Yano and Yao Yao and Sisay Shewasinad Yehualashet and Alex Yeshaneh and Metin Yeşiltepe and Siyan Yi and Arzu Yiğit and Vahit Yiğit and Dong Keon Yon and Naohiro Yonemoto and Yuyi You and Mustafa Z Younis and Chuanhua Yu and Hadiza Yusuf and Siddhesh Zadey and Mohammad Zahedi and Fathiah Zakham and Nazar Zaki and Alireza Zali and Giulia Zamagni and Ramin Zand and Ghazal G Z Zandieh and Moein Zangiabadian and Amin Zarghami and Михаил Сергеевич Застрожин and Mohammed G M Zeariya and Zelalem Banjaw and Francis Zeukeng and Chunxia Zhai and Chen Zhang and Haijun Zhang and Yunquan Zhang and Zhi-Jiang Zhang and Hanqing Zhao and Yang Zhao and Peng Zheng and Hengxing Zhou and Bin Zhu and Abzal Zhumagaliuly and Magdalena Zielińska and Yossef Teshome Zikarg and Mohammad Zoladl and Christopher J L Murray and Kanyin Liane Ong and Valery L. Feigin and Theo Vos and Tarun Dua},
journal = {The Lancet Neurology},
year = {2024},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {344--381},
doi = {10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3}
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