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Gretchen A Stevens, Ty Beal, Mduduzi N. N. Mbuya, Hanqi Luo, Lynnette Marie Neufeld, O. Yaw Addo, Seth Adu‐Afarwuah, Silvia Alayón, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Kenneth H. Brown and 24 more
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies compromise immune systems, hinder child growth and development, and affect human potential worldwide. Yet, to our knowledge, the only existing estimate of the global prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is from over 30 years ago and is based only on the prevalence of anaemia. We aimed to estimate the global and regional prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients among preschool-aged children (aged 6-59 months) and non-pregnant women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years). METHODS: In this pooled analysis, we reanalysed individual-level biomarker data for micronutrient status from nationally representative, population-based surveys. We used Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression to estimate the prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients for preschool-aged children (iron, zinc, and vitamin A) and for non-pregnant women of reproductive age (iron, zinc, and folate), globally and in seven regions using 24 nationally representative surveys done between 2003 and 2019. FINDINGS: We estimated the global prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients to be 56% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 48-64) among preschool-aged children, and 69% (59-78) among non-pregnant women of reproductive age, equivalent to 372 million (95% UI 319-425) preschool-aged children and 1·2 billion (1·0-1·4) non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Regionally, three-quarters of preschool-aged children with micronutrient deficiencies live in south Asia (99 million, 95% UI 80-118), sub-Saharan Africa (98 million, 83-113), or east Asia and the Pacific (85 million, 61-110). Over half (57%) of non-pregnant women of reproductive age with micronutrient deficiencies live in east Asia and the Pacific (384 million, 279-470) or south Asia (307 million, 255-351). INTERPRETATION: We estimate that over half of preschool-aged children and two-thirds of non-pregnant women of reproductive age worldwide have micronutrient deficiencies. However, estimates are uncertain due to the scarcity of population-based micronutrient deficiency data. FUNDING: US Agency for International Development.
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Stevens, G. A., Beal, T., Mbuya, M. N. N., Luo, H., Neufeld, L. M., Addo, O. Y., Adu‐Afarwuah, S., Alayón, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Brown, K. H., Jefferds, M. E., Engle‐Stone, R., Fawzi, W. W., Hess, S. Y., JOHNSTON, R. V., Katz, J., Krasevec, J., McDonald, C. M., Mei, Z., … Young, M. F. (2022). Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys. The Lancet Global Health, 10(11), e1590–e1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00367-9
Stevens, Gretchen A, et al. "Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys." The Lancet Global Health, vol. 10, no. 11, 2022, pp. e1590–e1599, https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00367-9.
Stevens, Gretchen A, Ty Beal, Mduduzi N. N. Mbuya, Hanqi Luo, Lynnette Marie Neufeld, O. Yaw Addo, Seth Adu‐Afarwuah, et al. "Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys." The Lancet Global Health 10, no. 11 (2022): e1590–e1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00367-9.
Stevens G. A., Beal T., Mbuya M. N. N. [и др.] Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys // The Lancet Global Health. — 2022. — Vol. 10, № 11. — P. e1590–e1599. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00367-9
@article{stevens2022micronutrient,
title = {{Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys}},
author = {Gretchen A Stevens and Ty Beal and Mduduzi N. N. Mbuya and Hanqi Luo and Lynnette Marie Neufeld and O. Yaw Addo and Seth Adu‐Afarwuah and Silvia Alayón and Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta and Kenneth H. Brown and Maria Elena Jefferds and Reina Engle‐Stone and Wafaie Wahib Fawzi and Sonja Y. Hess and ROBERT V. JOHNSTON and Joanne Katz and Julia Krasevec and Christine M. McDonald and Zuguo Mei and Saskia J. M. Osendarp and Christopher J. Paciorek and Nicolai Petry and Christine M Pfeiffer and Maria Jose Ramirez-Luzuriaga and Lisa M Rogers and Fabian Rohner and Vani Sethi and Parminder Singh Suchdev and Masresha Tessema and Salvador Villapando and Frank Tammo Wieringa and Anne M Williams and Meseret Woldeyahannes and Melissa Fox Young},
journal = {The Lancet Global Health},
year = {2022},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {e1590--e1599},
doi = {10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00367-9},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00367-9}
}TY - JOUR AU - Stevens, Gretchen A AU - Beal, Ty AU - Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N. AU - Luo, Hanqi AU - Neufeld, Lynnette Marie AU - Addo, O. Yaw AU - Adu‐Afarwuah, Seth AU - Alayón, Silvia AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmed AU - Brown, Kenneth H. AU - Jefferds, Maria Elena AU - Engle‐Stone, Reina AU - Fawzi, Wafaie Wahib AU - Hess, Sonja Y. AU - JOHNSTON, ROBERT V. AU - Katz, Joanne AU - Krasevec, Julia AU - McDonald, Christine M. AU - Mei, Zuguo AU - Osendarp, Saskia J. M. AU - Paciorek, Christopher J. AU - Petry, Nicolai AU - Pfeiffer, Christine M AU - Ramirez-Luzuriaga, Maria Jose AU - Rogers, Lisa M AU - Rohner, Fabian AU - Sethi, Vani AU - Suchdev, Parminder Singh AU - Tessema, Masresha AU - Villapando, Salvador AU - Wieringa, Frank Tammo AU - Williams, Anne M AU - Woldeyahannes, Meseret AU - Young, Melissa Fox TI - Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys JO - The Lancet Global Health VL - 10 IS - 11 SP - e1590 EP - e1599 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/10/11 DO - 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00367-9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00367-9 ER -
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