- Published
- 2023-07-10
- Venue
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 62, no. 28, pp. 10813-10827
- Cited by
- 297
- Open access
- Yes, hybrid
- DOI
- 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c01419
Abstract
In the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables, hydrogen is a realistic alternative to achieving the decarbonization target.However, its chemical and physical properties make its storage and transport expensive.To ensure the cost-effective H 2 usage as an energy vector, other chemicals are getting attention as H 2 carriers.Among them, ammonia is the most promising candidate.The value chain of NH 3 as a H 2 carrier, considering the long-distance ship transport, includes NH 3 synthesis and storage at the loading terminal, NH 3 storage at the unloading terminal, and its cracking to release H 2 .NH 3 synthesis and cracking are the cost drivers of the value chain.Also, the NH 3 cracking at large scale is not a mature technology, and a significant effort has to be made in intensifying the process as much as possible.In this respect, this work reviews the available technologies for NH 3 cracking, critically analyzing them in view of the scale up to the industrial level.