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Ian Galea
The vascular blood-brain barrier is a highly regulated interface between the blood and brain. Its primary function is to protect central neurons while signaling the presence of systemic inflammation and infection to the brain to enable a protective sickness behavior response. With increasing degrees and duration of systemic inflammation, the vascular blood-brain barrier becomes more permeable to solutes, undergoes an increase in lymphocyte trafficking, and is infiltrated by innate immune cells; endothelial cell damage may occasionally occur. Perturbation of neuronal function results in the clinical features of encephalopathy. Here, the molecular and cellular anatomy of the vascular blood-brain barrier is reviewed, first in a healthy context and second in a systemic inflammatory context. Distinct from the molecular and cellular mediators of the blood-brain barrier's response to inflammation, several moderators influence the direction and magnitude at genetic, system, cellular and molecular levels. These include sex, genetic background, age, pre-existing brain pathology, systemic comorbidity, and gut dysbiosis. Further progress is required to define and measure mediators and moderators of the blood-brain barrier's response to systemic inflammation in order to explain the heterogeneity observed in animal and human studies.
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Galea, I. (2021). The blood–brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation. Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 18(11), 2489–2501. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-021-00757-x
Galea, Ian. "The blood–brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation." Cellular and Molecular Immunology, vol. 18, no. 11, 2021, pp. 2489–2501, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-021-00757-x.
Galea, Ian. "The blood–brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation." Cellular and Molecular Immunology 18, no. 11 (2021): 2489–2501. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-021-00757-x.
Galea I. The blood–brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation // Cellular and Molecular Immunology. — 2021. — Vol. 18, № 11. — P. 2489–2501. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-021-00757-x
@article{galea2021bloodbrain,
title = {{The blood–brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation}},
author = {Ian Galea},
journal = {Cellular and Molecular Immunology},
year = {2021},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {2489--2501},
doi = {10.1038/s41423-021-00757-x},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-021-00757-x}
}TY - JOUR AU - Galea, Ian TI - The blood–brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation JO - Cellular and Molecular Immunology VL - 18 IS - 11 SP - 2489 EP - 2501 PY - 2021 DA - 2021/09/30 DO - 10.1038/s41423-021-00757-x UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-021-00757-x ER -
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