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Alex B. Zylstra, O. A. Hurricane, Debra A. Callahan, A. L. Kritcher, J. E. Ralph, H. F. Robey, Jeffrey S. Ross, Christopher V. Young, K. L. Baker, D. T. Casey and 146 more
Obtaining a burning plasma is a critical step towards self-sustaining fusion energy 1 . A burning plasma is one in which the fusion reactions themselves are the primary source of heating in the plasma, which is necessary to sustain and propagate the burn, enabling high energy gain. After decades of fusion research, here we achieve a burning-plasma state in the laboratory. These experiments were conducted at the US National Ignition Facility, a laser facility delivering up to 1.9 megajoules of energy in pulses with peak powers up to 500 terawatts. We use the lasers to generate X-rays in a radiation cavity to indirectly drive a fuel-containing capsule via the X-ray ablation pressure, which results in the implosion process compressing and heating the fuel via mechanical work. The burning-plasma state was created using a strategy to increase the spatial scale of the capsule 2,3 through two different implosion concepts 4–7 . These experiments show fusion self-heating in excess of the mechanical work injected into the implosions, satisfying several burning-plasma metrics 3,8 . Additionally, we describe a subset of experiments that appear to have crossed the static self-heating boundary, where fusion heating surpasses the energy losses from radiation and conduction. These results provide an opportunity to study α-particle-dominated plasmas and burning-plasma physics in the laboratory.
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Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. L., Pak, A. E., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P., … Zimmerman, G. B. (2022). Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion. Nature, 601(7894), 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w
Zylstra, Alex B., et al. "Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion." Nature, vol. 601, no. 7894, 2022, pp. 542–548, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w.
Zylstra, Alex B., O. A. Hurricane, Debra A. Callahan, A. L. Kritcher, J. E. Ralph, H. F. Robey, Jeffrey S. Ross, et al. "Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion." Nature 601, no. 7894 (2022): 542–548. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w.
Zylstra A. B., Hurricane O. A., Callahan D. A. [и др.] Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion // Nature. — 2022. — Vol. 601, № 7894. — P. 542–548. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w
@article{zylstra2022burning,
title = {{Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion}},
author = {Alex B. Zylstra and O. A. Hurricane and Debra A. Callahan and A. L. Kritcher and J. E. Ralph and H. F. Robey and Jeffrey S. Ross and Christopher V. Young and K. L. Baker and D. T. Casey and T. Döppner and L. Divol and M. Hohenberger and S. Le Pape and Arthur E. Pak and Pravesh K. Patel and Riccardo Tommasini and S. J. Ali and Peter Amendt and Lawrence J. Atherton and B. Bachmann and D. Bailey and Laura Robin Benedetti and Laura Berzak Hopkins and R. Betti and Suhas D. Bhandarkar and J. Biener and R. M. Bionta and N. Birge and E. Bond and D. K. Bradley and T. Braun and Travis M. Briggs and M. W. Bruhn and Peter M. Celliers and B. Chang and Thomas D. Chapman and Hui Chen and C. Choate and A. R. Christopherson and Daniel S. Clark and J. W. Crippen and E. L. Dewald and Thomas R. Dittrich and M. J. Edwards and William A. Farmer and J. E. Field and David N. Fittinghoff and Johan A. Frenje and Jim Gaffney and Maria Gatu Johnson and Siegfried Heinz Glenzer and Gary P. Grim and Steven W. Haan and Kelly Hahn and Gareth N. Hall and B. A. Hammel and J. A. Harte and Edward P. Hartouni and John E. Heebner and Vincent J. Hernandez and Hans W. Herrmann and Mark Herrmann and Denise E. Hinkel and Darwin D.-M. Ho and J. P. Holder and Warren W. Hsing and Haibo Huang and Kelli Humbird and N. Izumi and L. C. Jarrott and Justin Jeet and Ogden S. Jones and Gary D. Kerbel and S. Kerr and Shahab F Khan and J.D. Kilkenny and Y. Kim and Hermann Geppert-Kleinrath and Verena Geppert-Kleinrath and C. Kong and Joseph M. Koning and Jeremy J. Kroll and Michael Kruse and Bogdan Kustowski and Otto L. Landen and S. Langer and David J. Larson and Nuno Lemos and John D. Lindl and M. J. MacDonald and M. J. MacDonald and Brian J. MacGowan and A. J. Mackinnon and S. A. MacLaren and Andrew G. MacPhee and M. M. Marinak and Derek A. Mariscal and Edward V. Marley and L. Massé and Kevin D. Meaney and N. B. Meezan and Pierre A. Michel and Marius Millot and Jose L. Milovich and J. D. Moody and A. S. Moore and John Morton and T. J. Murphy and K. Newman and J.-M. G. Di Nicola and Abbas Nikroo and R. Nora and Mehul V. Patel and Larry J. Pelz and J. L. Peterson and Yuan Ping and Bradley B. Pollock and Mark Ratledge and N. Rice and Hans George Rinderknecht and M. D. Rosen and Michael S. Rubery and JAY D. SALMONSON and J. Sater and Stefano Schiaffino and D. J. Schlossberg and Marilyn B. Schneider and Christopher Schroeder and Howard A. Scott and Scott M. Sepke and Kevin L. Sequoia and M. W. Sherlock and Swanee J. Shin and Vladimir A. Smalyuk and B. K. Spears and Paul T. Springer and Michael Stadermann and Stanislav Stoupin and David J. Strozzi and Larry J. Suter and Cliff Thomas and Richard P. J. Town and Eleanor Tubman and Clement A. Trosseille and Petr L Volegov and Christopher R. Weber and Klaus Widmann and Christoph Wild and Carl H. Wilde and Bruno M. Van Wonterghem and D. T. Woods and Brandon N. Woodworth and M. Yamaguchi and S. T. Yang and George B. Zimmerman},
journal = {Nature},
year = {2022},
volume = {601},
number = {7894},
pages = {542--548},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w}
}TY - JOUR AU - Zylstra, Alex B. AU - Hurricane, O. A. AU - Callahan, Debra A. AU - Kritcher, A. L. AU - Ralph, J. E. AU - Robey, H. F. AU - Ross, Jeffrey S. AU - Young, Christopher V. AU - Baker, K. L. AU - Casey, D. T. AU - Döppner, T. AU - Divol, L. AU - Hohenberger, M. AU - Pape, S. Le AU - Pak, Arthur E. AU - Patel, Pravesh K. AU - Tommasini, Riccardo AU - Ali, S. J. AU - Amendt, Peter AU - Atherton, Lawrence J. AU - Bachmann, B. AU - Bailey, D. AU - Benedetti, Laura Robin AU - Hopkins, Laura Berzak AU - Betti, R. AU - Bhandarkar, Suhas D. AU - Biener, J. AU - Bionta, R. M. AU - Birge, N. AU - Bond, E. AU - Bradley, D. K. AU - Braun, T. AU - Briggs, Travis M. AU - Bruhn, M. W. AU - Celliers, Peter M. AU - Chang, B. AU - Chapman, Thomas D. AU - Chen, Hui AU - Choate, C. AU - Christopherson, A. R. AU - Clark, Daniel S. AU - Crippen, J. W. AU - Dewald, E. L. AU - Dittrich, Thomas R. AU - Edwards, M. J. AU - Farmer, William A. AU - Field, J. E. AU - Fittinghoff, David N. AU - Frenje, Johan A. AU - Gaffney, Jim AU - Johnson, Maria Gatu AU - Glenzer, Siegfried Heinz AU - Grim, Gary P. AU - Haan, Steven W. AU - Hahn, Kelly AU - Hall, Gareth N. AU - Hammel, B. A. AU - Harte, J. A. AU - Hartouni, Edward P. AU - Heebner, John E. AU - Hernandez, Vincent J. AU - Herrmann, Hans W. AU - Herrmann, Mark AU - Hinkel, Denise E. AU - Ho, Darwin D.-M. AU - Holder, J. P. AU - Hsing, Warren W. AU - Huang, Haibo AU - Humbird, Kelli AU - Izumi, N. AU - Jarrott, L. C. AU - Jeet, Justin AU - Jones, Ogden S. AU - Kerbel, Gary D. AU - Kerr, S. AU - Khan, Shahab F AU - Kilkenny, J.D. AU - Kim, Y. AU - Geppert-Kleinrath, Hermann AU - Geppert-Kleinrath, Verena AU - Kong, C. AU - Koning, Joseph M. AU - Kroll, Jeremy J. AU - Kruse, Michael AU - Kustowski, Bogdan AU - Landen, Otto L. AU - Langer, S. AU - Larson, David J. AU - Lemos, Nuno AU - Lindl, John D. AU - MacDonald, M. J. AU - MacDonald, M. J. AU - MacGowan, Brian J. AU - Mackinnon, A. J. AU - MacLaren, S. A. AU - MacPhee, Andrew G. AU - Marinak, M. M. AU - Mariscal, Derek A. AU - Marley, Edward V. AU - Massé, L. AU - Meaney, Kevin D. AU - Meezan, N. B. AU - Michel, Pierre A. AU - Millot, Marius AU - Milovich, Jose L. AU - Moody, J. D. AU - Moore, A. S. AU - Morton, John AU - Murphy, T. J. AU - Newman, K. AU - Nicola, J.-M. G. Di AU - Nikroo, Abbas AU - Nora, R. AU - Patel, Mehul V. AU - Pelz, Larry J. AU - Peterson, J. L. AU - Ping, Yuan AU - Pollock, Bradley B. AU - Ratledge, Mark AU - Rice, N. AU - Rinderknecht, Hans George AU - Rosen, M. D. AU - Rubery, Michael S. AU - SALMONSON, JAY D. AU - Sater, J. AU - Schiaffino, Stefano AU - Schlossberg, D. J. AU - Schneider, Marilyn B. AU - Schroeder, Christopher AU - Scott, Howard A. AU - Sepke, Scott M. AU - Sequoia, Kevin L. AU - Sherlock, M. W. AU - Shin, Swanee J. AU - Smalyuk, Vladimir A. AU - Spears, B. K. AU - Springer, Paul T. AU - Stadermann, Michael AU - Stoupin, Stanislav AU - Strozzi, David J. AU - Suter, Larry J. AU - Thomas, Cliff AU - Town, Richard P. J. AU - Tubman, Eleanor AU - Trosseille, Clement A. AU - Volegov, Petr L AU - Weber, Christopher R. AU - Widmann, Klaus AU - Wild, Christoph AU - Wilde, Carl H. AU - Wonterghem, Bruno M. Van AU - Woods, D. T. AU - Woodworth, Brandon N. AU - Yamaguchi, M. AU - Yang, S. T. AU - Zimmerman, George B. TI - Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion JO - Nature VL - 601 IS - 7894 SP - 542 EP - 548 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/01/26 DO - 10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04281-w ER -
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