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Raj Chetty, Matthew O. Jackson, Theresa Kuchler, Johannes Stroebel, Nathaniel Hendren, Robert B. Fluegge, Sara Gong, Federico Zertuche González, Armelle Grondin, Matthew Jacob and 12 more
Social capital—the strength of an individual’s social network and community—has been identified as a potential determinant of outcomes ranging from education to health1–8. However, efforts to understand what types of social capital matter for these outcomes have been hindered by a lack of social network data. Here, in the first of a pair of papers9, we use data on 21 billion friendships from Facebook to study social capital. We measure and analyse three types of social capital by ZIP (postal) code in the United States: (1) connectedness between different types of people, such as those with low versus high socioeconomic status (SES); (2) social cohesion, such as the extent of cliques in friendship networks; and (3) civic engagement, such as rates of volunteering. These measures vary substantially across areas, but are not highly correlated with each other. We demonstrate the importance of distinguishing these forms of social capital by analysing their associations with economic mobility across areas. The share of high-SES friends among individuals with low SES—which we term economic connectedness—is among the strongest predictors of upward income mobility identified to date10,11. Other social capital measures are not strongly associated with economic mobility. If children with low-SES parents were to grow up in counties with economic connectedness comparable to that of the average child with high-SES parents, their incomes in adulthood would increase by 20% on average. Differences in economic connectedness can explain well-known relationships between upward income mobility and racial segregation, poverty rates, and inequality12–14. To support further research and policy interventions, we publicly release privacy-protected statistics on social capital by ZIP code at https://www.socialcapital.org .
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Chetty, R., Jackson, M. O., Kuchler, T., Stroebel, J., Hendren, N., Fluegge, R. B., Gong, S., González, F. Z., Grondin, A., Jacob, M., Johnston, D. M., Koenen, M., Laguna-Müggenburg, E., Mudekereza, F., Rutter, T., Thor, N., Townsend, W., Zhang, R., Bailey, M., … Wernerfelt, N. (2022). Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility. Nature, 608(7921), 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4
Chetty, Raj, et al. "Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility." Nature, vol. 608, no. 7921, 2022, pp. 108–121, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4.
Chetty, Raj, Matthew O. Jackson, Theresa Kuchler, Johannes Stroebel, Nathaniel Hendren, Robert B. Fluegge, Sara Gong, et al. "Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility." Nature 608, no. 7921 (2022): 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4.
Chetty R., Jackson M. O., Kuchler T. [и др.] Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility // Nature. — 2022. — Vol. 608, № 7921. — P. 108–121. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4
@article{chetty2022social,
title = {{Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility}},
author = {Raj Chetty and Matthew O. Jackson and Theresa Kuchler and Johannes Stroebel and Nathaniel Hendren and Robert B. Fluegge and Sara Gong and Federico Zertuche González and Armelle Grondin and Matthew Jacob and Drew M. Johnston and Martin Koenen and Eduardo Laguna-Müggenburg and Florian Mudekereza and Tom Rutter and Nicolaj Thor and Wilbur Townsend and Ruby Zhang and Mike Bailey and Pablo Barberá and Monica Bhole and Nils Wernerfelt},
journal = {Nature},
year = {2022},
volume = {608},
number = {7921},
pages = {108--121},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4}
}TY - JOUR AU - Chetty, Raj AU - Jackson, Matthew O. AU - Kuchler, Theresa AU - Stroebel, Johannes AU - Hendren, Nathaniel AU - Fluegge, Robert B. AU - Gong, Sara AU - González, Federico Zertuche AU - Grondin, Armelle AU - Jacob, Matthew AU - Johnston, Drew M. AU - Koenen, Martin AU - Laguna-Müggenburg, Eduardo AU - Mudekereza, Florian AU - Rutter, Tom AU - Thor, Nicolaj AU - Townsend, Wilbur AU - Zhang, Ruby AU - Bailey, Mike AU - Barberá, Pablo AU - Bhole, Monica AU - Wernerfelt, Nils TI - Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility JO - Nature VL - 608 IS - 7921 SP - 108 EP - 121 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/08/01 DO - 10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04996-4 ER -
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