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Darrin T. Schultz, Steven H. D. Haddock, Jessen V. Bredeson, Richard Edward Green, Oleg Simakov, Daniel S. Rokhsar
A central question in evolutionary biology is whether sponges or ctenophores (comb jellies) are the sister group to all other animals. These alternative phylogenetic hypotheses imply different scenarios for the evolution of complex neural systems and other animal-specific traits 1–6 . Conventional phylogenetic approaches based on morphological characters and increasingly extensive gene sequence collections have not been able to definitively answer this question 7–11 . Here we develop chromosome-scale gene linkage, also known as synteny, as a phylogenetic character for resolving this question 12 . We report new chromosome-scale genomes for a ctenophore and two marine sponges, and for three unicellular relatives of animals (a choanoflagellate, a filasterean amoeba and an ichthyosporean) that serve as outgroups for phylogenetic analysis. We find ancient syntenies that are conserved between animals and their close unicellular relatives. Ctenophores and unicellular eukaryotes share ancestral metazoan patterns, whereas sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians share derived chromosomal rearrangements. Conserved syntenic characters unite sponges with bilaterians, cnidarians, and placozoans in a monophyletic clade to the exclusion of ctenophores, placing ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals. The patterns of synteny shared by sponges, bilaterians, and cnidarians are the result of rare and irreversible chromosome fusion-and-mixing events that provide robust and unambiguous phylogenetic support for the ctenophore-sister hypothesis. These findings provide a new framework for resolving deep, recalcitrant phylogenetic problems and have implications for our understanding of animal evolution.
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Schultz, D. T., Haddock, S. H. D., Bredeson, J. V., Green, R. E., Simakov, O., & Rokhsar, D. S. (2023). Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals. Nature, 618(7963), 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6
Schultz, Darrin T., et al. "Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals." Nature, vol. 618, no. 7963, 2023, pp. 110–117, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6.
Schultz, Darrin T., Steven H. D. Haddock, Jessen V. Bredeson, Richard Edward Green, Oleg Simakov, and Daniel S. Rokhsar. "Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals." Nature 618, no. 7963 (2023): 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6.
Schultz D. T., Haddock S. H. D., Bredeson J. V. [и др.] Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals // Nature. — 2023. — Vol. 618, № 7963. — P. 110–117. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6
@article{schultz2023ancient,
title = {{Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals}},
author = {Darrin T. Schultz and Steven H. D. Haddock and Jessen V. Bredeson and Richard Edward Green and Oleg Simakov and Daniel S. Rokhsar},
journal = {Nature},
year = {2023},
volume = {618},
number = {7963},
pages = {110--117},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6}
}TY - JOUR AU - Schultz, Darrin T. AU - Haddock, Steven H. D. AU - Bredeson, Jessen V. AU - Green, Richard Edward AU - Simakov, Oleg AU - Rokhsar, Daniel S. TI - Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals JO - Nature VL - 618 IS - 7963 SP - 110 EP - 117 PY - 2023 DA - 2023/05/17 DO - 10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6 ER -
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