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Cristian Bodnar, Wessel P. Bruinsma, Ana Lučić, Megan Stanley, Anna Allén, J. Brandstetter, Patrick Garvan, Maik Riechert, Jonathan A. Weyn, Haiyu Dong and 8 more
Reliable forecasting of the Earth system is essential for mitigating natural disasters and supporting human progress. Traditional numerical models, although powerful, are extremely computationally expensive1. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promise in improving both predictive performance and efficiency2,3, yet their potential remains underexplored in many Earth system domains. Here we introduce Aurora, a large-scale foundation model trained on more than one million hours of diverse geophysical data. Aurora outperforms operational forecasts in predicting air quality, ocean waves, tropical cyclone tracks and high-resolution weather, all at orders of magnitude lower computational cost. With the ability to be fine-tuned for diverse applications at modest expense, Aurora represents a notable step towards democratizing accurate and efficient Earth system predictions. These results highlight the transformative potential of AI in environmental forecasting and pave the way for broader accessibility to high-quality climate and weather information. Aurora, a new large-scale foundation model trained on more than one million hours of diverse geophysical data, outperforms operational forecasts in predicting air quality, ocean wave dynamics, tropical cyclone tracks and high-resolution weather.
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Bodnar, C., Bruinsma, W. P., Lučić, A., Stanley, M., Allén, A., Brandstetter, J., Garvan, P., Riechert, M., Weyn, J. A., Dong, H., Gupta, J. K., Thambiratnam, K., Archibald, A. T., Wu, C., Heider, E., Welling, M., Turner, R. E., & Perdikaris, P. G. (2025). A foundation model for the Earth system. Nature, 641(8065), 1180–1187. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y
Bodnar, Cristian, et al. "A foundation model for the Earth system." Nature, vol. 641, no. 8065, 2025, pp. 1180–1187, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y.
Bodnar, Cristian, Wessel P. Bruinsma, Ana Lučić, Megan Stanley, Anna Allén, J. Brandstetter, Patrick Garvan, et al. "A foundation model for the Earth system." Nature 641, no. 8065 (2025): 1180–1187. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y.
Bodnar C., Bruinsma W. P., Lučić A. [и др.] A foundation model for the Earth system // Nature. — 2025. — Vol. 641, № 8065. — P. 1180–1187. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y
@article{bodnar2025foundation,
title = {{A foundation model for the Earth system}},
author = {Cristian Bodnar and Wessel P. Bruinsma and Ana Lučić and Megan Stanley and Anna Allén and J. Brandstetter and Patrick Garvan and Maik Riechert and Jonathan A. Weyn and Haiyu Dong and Jayesh K. Gupta and Kit Thambiratnam and Alexander Thomas Archibald and Chun‐Chieh Wu and Elizabeth Heider and Max Welling and Richard E. Turner and Paris G. Perdikaris},
journal = {Nature},
year = {2025},
volume = {641},
number = {8065},
pages = {1180--1187},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y}
}TY - JOUR AU - Bodnar, Cristian AU - Bruinsma, Wessel P. AU - Lučić, Ana AU - Stanley, Megan AU - Allén, Anna AU - Brandstetter, J. AU - Garvan, Patrick AU - Riechert, Maik AU - Weyn, Jonathan A. AU - Dong, Haiyu AU - Gupta, Jayesh K. AU - Thambiratnam, Kit AU - Archibald, Alexander Thomas AU - Wu, Chun‐Chieh AU - Heider, Elizabeth AU - Welling, Max AU - Turner, Richard E. AU - Perdikaris, Paris G. TI - A foundation model for the Earth system JO - Nature VL - 641 IS - 8065 SP - 1180 EP - 1187 PY - 2025 DA - 2025/05/21 DO - 10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y ER -
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