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Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Peiyi Wang, Qihao Zhu, Runxin Xu, Ruoyu Zhang, Shirong Ma, Xiao Bi and 184 more
General reasoning represents a long-standing and formidable challenge in artificial intelligence (AI). Recent breakthroughs, exemplified by large language models (LLMs) 1,2 and chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting 3 , have achieved considerable success on foundational reasoning tasks. However, this success is heavily contingent on extensive human-annotated demonstrations and the capabilities of models are still insufficient for more complex problems. Here we show that the reasoning abilities of LLMs can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning (RL), obviating the need for human-labelled reasoning trajectories. The proposed RL framework facilitates the emergent development of advanced reasoning patterns, such as self-reflection, verification and dynamic strategy adaptation. Consequently, the trained model achieves superior performance on verifiable tasks such as mathematics, coding competitions and STEM fields, surpassing its counterparts trained through conventional supervised learning on human demonstrations. Moreover, the emergent reasoning patterns exhibited by these large-scale models can be systematically used to guide and enhance the reasoning capabilities of smaller models.
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Guo, D., Yang, D., Zhang, H., Song, J., Wang, P., Zhu, Q., Xu, R., Zhang, R., Ma, S., Bi, X., Zhang, X., Yu, X., Wu, Y., Wu, Z. F., Gou, Z., Shao, Z., Li, Z., Gao, Z., Liu, A., … Zhang, Z. (2025). DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning. Nature, 645(8081), 633–638. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z
Guo, Daya, et al. "DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning." Nature, vol. 645, no. 8081, 2025, pp. 633–638, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z.
Guo, Daya, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Peiyi Wang, Qihao Zhu, Runxin Xu, et al. "DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning." Nature 645, no. 8081 (2025): 633–638. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z.
Guo D., Yang D., Zhang H. [и др.] DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning // Nature. — 2025. — Vol. 645, № 8081. — P. 633–638. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z
@article{guo2025deepseekr,
title = {{DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning}},
author = {Daya Guo and Dejian Yang and Haowei Zhang and Junxiao Song and Peiyi Wang and Qihao Zhu and Runxin Xu and Ruoyu Zhang and Shirong Ma and Xiao Bi and Xiaokang Zhang and Xingkai Yu and Yu Wu and Z. F. Wu and Zhibin Gou and Zhihong Shao and Zhuoshu Li and Ziyi Gao and Aixin Liu and Bing Xue and Bingxuan Wang and Bowen Wu and Bei Feng and Chengda Lu and Chenggang Zhao and Chengqi Deng and Chong Ruan and Damai Dai and Deli Chen and Dongjie Ji and Erhang Li and Fangyun Lin and Fucong Dai and Fuli Luo and Guangbo Hao and Guan-Ting Chen and Guowei Li and H. Zhang and Hanwei Xu and Honghui Ding and Huazuo Gao and Hui Qu and Hui Li and Jianzhong Guo and Jiashi Li and Jingchang Chen and Jingyang Yuan and Jinhao Tu and Junjie Qiu and Junlong Li and J. L. Cai and Jiaqi Ni and Jian Liang and Jing Chen and Kai Dong and Kai Cheng Hu and Kaichao You and Kaige Gao and Kang Guan and Kexin Huang and Kuai Yu and Lean Wang and Lecong Zhang and Liang Zhao and Litong Wang and Liyue Zhang and Lei Xu and L. Xia and Mingchuan Zhang and Minghua Zhang and Minghui Tang and Mingxu Zhou and Meng Li and Miaojun Wang and Mingming Li and Ning Tian and Panpan Huang and Peng Zhang and Qiancheng Wang and Qinyu Chen and Qiushi Du and Ruiqi Ge and Ruisong Zhang and Ruizhe Pan and Runji Wang and R. J. Chen and Rong Jin and Ruyi Chen and Shanghao Lu and Shangyan Zhou and Shanhuang Chen and Shengfeng Ye and Shiyu Wang and Shuiping Yu and Shunfeng Zhou and Shuting Pan and Sansan Li and Shuang Zhou and Shaoqing Wu and Tao Yun and Tian Pei and Tianyu Sun and T. Wang and Wangding Zeng and Wen Liu and Wenfeng Liang and Wenjun Gao and Yu Wu and Wentao Zhang and W. L. Xiao and Wei An and Xiaodong Liu and Xiaohan Wang and Xiaokang Chen and Xiaotao Nie and Xin Cheng and Xin Liu and Xin Nan Xie and Xingchao Liu and Xinyu Yang and Xinyuan Li and X.-J Su and Xuheng Lin and X. Q. Li and Xiangyue Jin and Xiaojin Shen and Xiaosha Chen and Xiaowen Sun and Xiaoxiang Wang and Xinnan Song and Xinyi Zhou and X.G. Wang and Xinxia Shan and Y. K. Li and Yufei Wang and Y. X. Wei and Yang Zhang and Yanhong Xu and Yao Li and Yao Zhao and Yaofeng Sun and Yaohui Wang and Yi Yu and Yichao Zhang and Yifan Shi and Yiliang Xiong and Ying He and Yishi Piao and Yisong Wang and Yixuan Tan and Yiyang Ma and Yiyuan Liu and Yongqiang Guo and Yangjie Ou and Yuduan Wang and Yue Gong and Yuheng Zou and Yujia He and Yunfan Xiong and Yuxiang Luo and Yuxiang You and Yuxuan Liu and Yuyang Zhou and Yuxin Zhu and Yanping Huang and Yaohui Li and Yi Zheng and Yuchen Zhu and Yunxian Ma and Ying Tang and Yukun Zha and Yuting Yan and Z. Z. Ren and Zehui Ren and Zhangli Sha and Zhe Fu and Zhean Xu and Zhenda Xie and Zhengyan Zhang and Zhewen Hao and Zhicheng Ma and Zhigang Yan and Zhiyu Wu and Zihui Gu and Zijia Zhu and Zijun Liu and Zilin Li and Ziwei Xie and Ziyang Song and Zizheng Pan and Zhen Huang and Zhipeng Xu and Zhongyu Zhang and Zhen Zhang},
journal = {Nature},
year = {2025},
volume = {645},
number = {8081},
pages = {633--638},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z}
}TY - JOUR AU - Guo, Daya AU - Yang, Dejian AU - Zhang, Haowei AU - Song, Junxiao AU - Wang, Peiyi AU - Zhu, Qihao AU - Xu, Runxin AU - Zhang, Ruoyu AU - Ma, Shirong AU - Bi, Xiao AU - Zhang, Xiaokang AU - Yu, Xingkai AU - Wu, Yu AU - Wu, Z. F. AU - Gou, Zhibin AU - Shao, Zhihong AU - Li, Zhuoshu AU - Gao, Ziyi AU - Liu, Aixin AU - Xue, Bing AU - Wang, Bingxuan AU - Wu, Bowen AU - Feng, Bei AU - Lu, Chengda AU - Zhao, Chenggang AU - Deng, Chengqi AU - Ruan, Chong AU - Dai, Damai AU - Chen, Deli AU - Ji, Dongjie AU - Li, Erhang AU - Lin, Fangyun AU - Dai, Fucong AU - Luo, Fuli AU - Hao, Guangbo AU - Chen, Guan-Ting AU - Li, Guowei AU - Zhang, H. AU - Xu, Hanwei AU - Ding, Honghui AU - Gao, Huazuo AU - Qu, Hui AU - Li, Hui AU - Guo, Jianzhong AU - Li, Jiashi AU - Chen, Jingchang AU - Yuan, Jingyang AU - Tu, Jinhao AU - Qiu, Junjie AU - Li, Junlong AU - Cai, J. L. AU - Ni, Jiaqi AU - Liang, Jian AU - Chen, Jing AU - Dong, Kai AU - Hu, Kai Cheng AU - You, Kaichao AU - Gao, Kaige AU - Guan, Kang AU - Huang, Kexin AU - Yu, Kuai AU - Wang, Lean AU - Zhang, Lecong AU - Zhao, Liang AU - Wang, Litong AU - Zhang, Liyue AU - Xu, Lei AU - Xia, L. AU - Zhang, Mingchuan AU - Zhang, Minghua AU - Tang, Minghui AU - Zhou, Mingxu AU - Li, Meng AU - Wang, Miaojun AU - Li, Mingming AU - Tian, Ning AU - Huang, Panpan AU - Zhang, Peng AU - Wang, Qiancheng AU - Chen, Qinyu AU - Du, Qiushi AU - Ge, Ruiqi AU - Zhang, Ruisong AU - Pan, Ruizhe AU - Wang, Runji AU - Chen, R. J. AU - Jin, Rong AU - Chen, Ruyi AU - Lu, Shanghao AU - Zhou, Shangyan AU - Chen, Shanhuang AU - Ye, Shengfeng AU - Wang, Shiyu AU - Yu, Shuiping AU - Zhou, Shunfeng AU - Pan, Shuting AU - Li, Sansan AU - Zhou, Shuang AU - Wu, Shaoqing AU - Yun, Tao AU - Pei, Tian AU - Sun, Tianyu AU - Wang, T. AU - Zeng, Wangding AU - Liu, Wen AU - Liang, Wenfeng AU - Gao, Wenjun AU - Wu, Yu AU - Zhang, Wentao AU - Xiao, W. L. AU - An, Wei AU - Liu, Xiaodong AU - Wang, Xiaohan AU - Chen, Xiaokang AU - Nie, Xiaotao AU - Cheng, Xin AU - Liu, Xin AU - Xie, Xin Nan AU - Liu, Xingchao AU - Yang, Xinyu AU - Li, Xinyuan AU - Su, X.-J AU - Lin, Xuheng AU - Li, X. Q. AU - Jin, Xiangyue AU - Shen, Xiaojin AU - Chen, Xiaosha AU - Sun, Xiaowen AU - Wang, Xiaoxiang AU - Song, Xinnan AU - Zhou, Xinyi AU - Wang, X.G. AU - Shan, Xinxia AU - Li, Y. K. AU - Wang, Yufei AU - Wei, Y. X. AU - Zhang, Yang AU - Xu, Yanhong AU - Li, Yao AU - Zhao, Yao AU - Sun, Yaofeng AU - Wang, Yaohui AU - Yu, Yi AU - Zhang, Yichao AU - Shi, Yifan AU - Xiong, Yiliang AU - He, Ying AU - Piao, Yishi AU - Wang, Yisong AU - Tan, Yixuan AU - Ma, Yiyang AU - Liu, Yiyuan AU - Guo, Yongqiang AU - Ou, Yangjie AU - Wang, Yuduan AU - Gong, Yue AU - Zou, Yuheng AU - He, Yujia AU - Xiong, Yunfan AU - Luo, Yuxiang AU - You, Yuxiang AU - Liu, Yuxuan AU - Zhou, Yuyang AU - Zhu, Yuxin AU - Huang, Yanping AU - Li, Yaohui AU - Zheng, Yi AU - Zhu, Yuchen AU - Ma, Yunxian AU - Tang, Ying AU - Zha, Yukun AU - Yan, Yuting AU - Ren, Z. Z. AU - Ren, Zehui AU - Sha, Zhangli AU - Fu, Zhe AU - Xu, Zhean AU - Xie, Zhenda AU - Zhang, Zhengyan AU - Hao, Zhewen AU - Ma, Zhicheng AU - Yan, Zhigang AU - Wu, Zhiyu AU - Gu, Zihui AU - Zhu, Zijia AU - Liu, Zijun AU - Li, Zilin AU - Xie, Ziwei AU - Song, Ziyang AU - Pan, Zizheng AU - Huang, Zhen AU - Xu, Zhipeng AU - Zhang, Zhongyu AU - Zhang, Zhen TI - DeepSeek-R1 incentivizes reasoning in LLMs through reinforcement learning JO - Nature VL - 645 IS - 8081 SP - 633 EP - 638 PY - 2025 DA - 2025/09/17 DO - 10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09422-z ER -
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