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John L. Wilkinson, Alistair B. A. Boxall, Dana W. Kolpin, Kmy Leung, Racliffe Weng Seng Lai, Cristóbal J. Galbán-Malagón, Aiko D. Adell, Julie A. Mondon, Marc Métian, Rob Marchant and 117 more
Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world's rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Wilkinson, J. L., Boxall, A. B. A., Kolpin, D. W., Leung, K., Lai, R. W. S., Galbán-Malagón, C. J., Adell, A. D., Mondon, J. A., Métian, M., Marchant, R., Bouzas‐Monroy, A., Cuní‐Sanchez, A., Coors, A., Carriquiriborde, P., Rojo, M., Gordon, C., Cara, M., Moermond, M., Luarte, T., … Teta, C. (2022). Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(8). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119
Wilkinson, John L., et al. "Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 119, no. 8, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119.
Wilkinson, John L., Alistair B. A. Boxall, Dana W. Kolpin, Kmy Leung, Racliffe Weng Seng Lai, Cristóbal J. Galbán-Malagón, Aiko D. Adell, et al. "Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 8 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119.
Wilkinson J. L., Boxall A. B. A., Kolpin D. W. [и др.] Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. — 2022. — Vol. 119, № 8. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119
@article{wilkinson2022pharmaceutical,
title = {{Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers}},
author = {John L. Wilkinson and Alistair B. A. Boxall and Dana W. Kolpin and Kmy Leung and Racliffe Weng Seng Lai and Cristóbal J. Galbán-Malagón and Aiko D. Adell and Julie A. Mondon and Marc Métian and Rob Marchant and Alejandra Bouzas‐Monroy and Aida Cuní‐Sanchez and Anja Coors and Pedro Carriquiriborde and Macarena Rojo and Christopher Gordon and Magdalena Cara and Monique Moermond and Thais Luarte and Vahagn Petrosyan and Yekaterina Perikhanyan and Clare S. Mahon and Christopher J. McGurk and Thilo Hofmann and Tapos Kormoker and Volga Iñiguez and Jessica Guzman-Otazo and Jean Leite Tavares and Francisco Gildasio De Figueiredo and María Tereza Pepe Razzolini and Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon and Gildas Gbaguidi and Oumar Traoré and Jules M. Blais and Linda E. Kimpe and Michelle Wong and Donald Wong and Romaric Ntchantcho and Jaime Pizarro and Guang‐Guo Ying and Chang-Er Chen and Martha Isabel Páez-Melo and Jina M. Martínez-Lara and Jean‐Paul Otamonga and John W Poté and Suspense A. Ifo and Penelope Wilson and Silvia Echeverría-Sáenz and Nikolina Udiković‐Kolić and Milena Milaković and Despo Fatta‐Kassinos and Lida Ioannou‐Ttofa and Vladimíra Belušová and Jan Vymazal and María Cárdenas-Bustamante and Bayable A. Kassa and Jeanne Garric and Arnaud Chaumot and Peter Gibba and Ilia O. Kunchulia and Sven Seidensticker and Gérasimos Lyberatos and Halldór Pálmar Halldórsson and Molly Melling and Shashidhar Thatikonda and Manisha Lamba and Anindrya Nastiti and Ade Supriatin and Nima Pourang and Ali Abedini and Omar Yassen Abdullah and Salem S. Gharbia and Francesco Pilla and Benny Chefetz and Tom Topaz and Koffi Marcellin Yao and Bakhyt Aubakirova and Raikhan Beisenova and Lydia A. Olaka and Jemimah K. Mulu and Peter Chatanga and Victor Ntuli and Nathaniel T. Blama and Sheck Sherif and Ahmad Zaharin Aris and Ley Juen Looi and Mahamoudane Niang and Seydou T. Traore and Rik Oldenkamp and Olatayo Michael Adetayo Ogunbanwo and Muhammad Areeb Ashfaq and Muhammad Iqbal and Ziad Abdeen and Aaron O’Dea and Jorge Manuel Morales‐Saldaña and María Custodio and Heidi De la Cruz and Ian Ausa Navarrete and Fábio Carvalho and Alhaji Brima Gogra and Bashiru M. Koroma and Vesna Cerkvenik‐Flajs and Mitja Gombač and Melusi Thwala and Kyungho Choi and Habyeong Kang and John Leju Celestino Ladu and Andreu Rico and Priyanie Amerasinghe and Anna Sobek and Gisela Horlitz and Armin K. Zenker and Alex C. King and Jheng‐Jie Jiang and Rebecca W. Kariuki and Madaka Harold Tumbo and Ulaş Tezel and Turgut T. Onay and Julius Bunny Lejju and Yuliya Vystavna and Yuriy Vergeles and Horácio Heinzen and Andrés Pérez Parada and Douglas B. Sims and Maritza Figy and David Good and Charles Teta},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
year = {2022},
volume = {119},
number = {8},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2113947119},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119}
}TY - JOUR AU - Wilkinson, John L. AU - Boxall, Alistair B. A. AU - Kolpin, Dana W. AU - Leung, Kmy AU - Lai, Racliffe Weng Seng AU - Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal J. AU - Adell, Aiko D. AU - Mondon, Julie A. AU - Métian, Marc AU - Marchant, Rob AU - Bouzas‐Monroy, Alejandra AU - Cuní‐Sanchez, Aida AU - Coors, Anja AU - Carriquiriborde, Pedro AU - Rojo, Macarena AU - Gordon, Christopher AU - Cara, Magdalena AU - Moermond, Monique AU - Luarte, Thais AU - Petrosyan, Vahagn AU - Perikhanyan, Yekaterina AU - Mahon, Clare S. AU - McGurk, Christopher J. AU - Hofmann, Thilo AU - Kormoker, Tapos AU - Iñiguez, Volga AU - Guzman-Otazo, Jessica AU - Tavares, Jean Leite AU - Figueiredo, Francisco Gildasio De AU - Razzolini, María Tereza Pepe AU - Dougnon, Victorien Tamègnon AU - Gbaguidi, Gildas AU - Traoré, Oumar AU - Blais, Jules M. AU - Kimpe, Linda E. AU - Wong, Michelle AU - Wong, Donald AU - Ntchantcho, Romaric AU - Pizarro, Jaime AU - Ying, Guang‐Guo AU - Chen, Chang-Er AU - Páez-Melo, Martha Isabel AU - Martínez-Lara, Jina M. AU - Otamonga, Jean‐Paul AU - Poté, John W AU - Ifo, Suspense A. AU - Wilson, Penelope AU - Echeverría-Sáenz, Silvia AU - Udiković‐Kolić, Nikolina AU - Milaković, Milena AU - Fatta‐Kassinos, Despo AU - Ioannou‐Ttofa, Lida AU - Belušová, Vladimíra AU - Vymazal, Jan AU - Cárdenas-Bustamante, María AU - Kassa, Bayable A. AU - Garric, Jeanne AU - Chaumot, Arnaud AU - Gibba, Peter AU - Kunchulia, Ilia O. AU - Seidensticker, Sven AU - Lyberatos, Gérasimos AU - Halldórsson, Halldór Pálmar AU - Melling, Molly AU - Thatikonda, Shashidhar AU - Lamba, Manisha AU - Nastiti, Anindrya AU - Supriatin, Ade AU - Pourang, Nima AU - Abedini, Ali AU - Abdullah, Omar Yassen AU - Gharbia, Salem S. AU - Pilla, Francesco AU - Chefetz, Benny AU - Topaz, Tom AU - Yao, Koffi Marcellin AU - Aubakirova, Bakhyt AU - Beisenova, Raikhan AU - Olaka, Lydia A. AU - Mulu, Jemimah K. AU - Chatanga, Peter AU - Ntuli, Victor AU - Blama, Nathaniel T. AU - Sherif, Sheck AU - Aris, Ahmad Zaharin AU - Looi, Ley Juen AU - Niang, Mahamoudane AU - Traore, Seydou T. AU - Oldenkamp, Rik AU - Ogunbanwo, Olatayo Michael Adetayo AU - Ashfaq, Muhammad Areeb AU - Iqbal, Muhammad AU - Abdeen, Ziad AU - O’Dea, Aaron AU - Morales‐Saldaña, Jorge Manuel AU - Custodio, María AU - Cruz, Heidi De la AU - Navarrete, Ian Ausa AU - Carvalho, Fábio AU - Gogra, Alhaji Brima AU - Koroma, Bashiru M. AU - Cerkvenik‐Flajs, Vesna AU - Gombač, Mitja AU - Thwala, Melusi AU - Choi, Kyungho AU - Kang, Habyeong AU - Ladu, John Leju Celestino AU - Rico, Andreu AU - Amerasinghe, Priyanie AU - Sobek, Anna AU - Horlitz, Gisela AU - Zenker, Armin K. AU - King, Alex C. AU - Jiang, Jheng‐Jie AU - Kariuki, Rebecca W. AU - Tumbo, Madaka Harold AU - Tezel, Ulaş AU - Onay, Turgut T. AU - Lejju, Julius Bunny AU - Vystavna, Yuliya AU - Vergeles, Yuriy AU - Heinzen, Horácio AU - Parada, Andrés Pérez AU - Sims, Douglas B. AU - Figy, Maritza AU - Good, David AU - Teta, Charles TI - Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences VL - 119 IS - 8 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/02/14 DO - 10.1073/pnas.2113947119 UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119 ER -
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