First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event…

Published: 2021-03-01
Venue: The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 910, no. 1, pp. L13
Cited by: 670
Open access: Yes, hybrid
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abe4de

Abstract

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n e ∼ 10 4–7 cm −3 , magnetic field strength B ∼ 1–30 G, and electron temperature T e ∼ (1–12) × 10 10 K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3–20) × 10 −4 M ⊙ yr −1 .

Abstract

@article{akiyama2021first, title = {{First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon}}, author = {Kazunori Akiyama and Juan Carlos Algaba and A. Alberdi and W. Alef and Richard Anantua and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Anne-Kathrin Baczko and David R. Ball and Mislav Baloković and John Barrett and Bradford A. Benson and Dan Bintley and Lindy Blackburn and R. Blundell and W. Boland and Katherine L. Bouman and Geoffrey C. Bower and Hope Boyce and Michael Bremer and Christiaan D. Brinkerink and Roger Brissenden and S. Britzen and Avery E. Broderick and Dominique Broguière and Thomas Bronzwaer and Do‐Young Byun and J. E. Carlstrom and Andrew Chael and Chi‐kwan Chan and Shami Chatterjee and Koushik Chatterjee and Ming‐Tang Chen and Xiaopeng Cheng and Paul M. Chesler and Ilje Cho and Pierre Christian and John Edward Conway and J. M. Cordes and T. M. Crawford and G. Crew and Alejandro Cruz-Osorio and Yuzhu Cui and Jordy Davelaar and Mariafelicia De Laurentis and Roger P Deane and Jessica T. Dempsey and G. Desvignes and Jason Dexter and Sheperd S. Doeleman and Ralph P. Eatough and Heino D. Falcke and Joseph Farah and Vincent L. Fish and Edward B. Fomalont and H. Alyson Ford and Raquel Fraga-Encinas and Per Friberg and Christian M. Fromm and Antonio Fuentes and Peter Louis Galison and Charles F. Gammie and Roberto García and Zachary Gelles and Olivier Gentaz and Boris Georgiev and C. Goddi and Roman Gold and José Luis Gómez and Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz and Minfeng Gu and Mark Gurwell and Kazuhiro Hada and Daryl Haggard and M. H. Hecht and Ronald Hesper and Elizabeth Himwich and Luis C. Ho and Paul T. P. Ho and Mareki Honma and Chih-Wei L. Huang and Lei Huang and David H. Hughes and Shiro Ikeda and Makoto Inoue and Sara Issaoun and David J. James and Buell T. Jannuzi and Michaël Janssen and Britton Jeter and Wu Jiang and Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales and Michael D. Johnson and Svetlana G. Jorstad and Taehyun Jung and Mansour Karami and Ramesh Karuppusamy and Tomohisa Kawashima and Garrett K. Keating and Mark Kettenis and Dong-Jin Kim and Jae-Young Kim and Jongsoo Kim and Junhan Kim and Motoki Kino and Jun Yi Koay and Yutaro Kofuji and Patrick M. Koch and Shoko Koyama and M. Krämer and Carsten Kramer and T. P. Krichbaum and Cheng‐Yu Kuo and Tod R. Lauer and Sang-Sung Lee and Aviad Levis and Yanrong Li and Zhiyuan 志远 Li 李 and M. Lindqvist and Rocco Lico and Greg Lindahl and Jun 俊 Liu 刘 and Kuan Liu and Elisabetta Liuzzo and Wen-Ping Lo and Andrei P. Lobanov and Laurent Loinard and C. J. Lonsdale and Rusen S. Lu and Nicholas Roy Macdonald and Jirong 基荣 Mao 毛 and N. Marchili and Sera Markoff and Daniel P. Marrone and Alan P. Marscher and Iván Martí-Vidal and Satoki Matsushita and Lynn D. Matthews and Lia Medeiros and Karl M. Menten and Izumi Mizuno and Yosuke Mizuno and James M. Moran and Kotaro Moriyama and Monika A. Mościbrodzka and Cornelia Müller and Gibwa Musoke and Alejandro Mus and Daniel Michalik and Andrew Nadolski and Hiroshi Nagai and Neil M. Nagar and Masanori Nakamura and Ramesh Narayan and Ramesh Narayan and Iniyan Natarajan and Antonios Nathanail and Joey Neilsen and R. Neri and Chunchong Ni and A. Noutsos and Michael A. Nowak and Hiroki Okino and Héctor Olivares and Gisela N. Ortiz-León and Tomoaki Oyama and Feryal Özel and Daniel C. M. Palumbo and Jongho Park and Nimesh Patel and Ue‐Li Pen and Dominic W. Pesce and Vincent Piétu and R. L. Plambeck and Aleksandar PopStefanija and Oliver Porth and Felix M. Pötzl and Ben S. Prather and Jorge A. Preciado-López and Dimitrios Psaltis and Hung-Yi Pu and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Ramprasad Rao and Mark G. Rawlings and Alexander W. Raymond and Luciano Rezzolla and Angelo Ricarte and Bart Ripperda and Freek Roelofs and Alan E. E. Rogers and Eduardo Ros and Mel Rose and Arash Roshanineshat and Helge Rottmann and Alan L. Roy and Chet Ruszczyk and Kazi L. J. Rygl and Salvador Sánchez and David Sánchez-Argüelles and Mahito Sasada and T. Savolainen and F. Peter Schloerb and Karl-Friedrich Schuster and Lijing Shao and Zhiqiang Q. Shen and Des Small and Bong Won Sohn and J. SooHoo Whittier and He Sun and Fumie Tazaki and Alexandra J. Tetarenko and Paul Tiede and Remo P. J. Tilanus and Michael Titus and Kenji Toma and Pablo Torné and Tyler Trent and Efthalia Traianou and Sascha Trippe and Ilse M. van Bemmel and Huib Jan van Langevelde and Daniel R. van Rossum and Jan Wagner and Derek Ward-Thompson and John F. C. Wardle and Jonathan Weintroub and Norbert Wex and Robert Wharton and Maciek Wielgus and George N. Wong and Qingwen Wu and Doosoo Yoon and André Young and Ken Young and Ziri Younsi and Feng Yuan and Feng Yuan and J. A. Zensus and Guang-Yao Zhao and Shan-Shan Zhao}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal Letters}, year = {2021}, volume = {910}, number = {1}, pages = {L13}, doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/abe4de}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe4de} }

TY - JOUR AU - Akiyama, Kazunori AU - Algaba, Juan Carlos AU - Alberdi, A. AU - Alef, W. AU - Anantua, Richard AU - Asada, Keiichi AU - Azulay, Rebecca AU - Baczko, Anne-Kathrin AU - Ball, David R. AU - Baloković, Mislav AU - Barrett, John AU - Benson, Bradford A. AU - Bintley, Dan AU - Blackburn, Lindy AU - Blundell, R. AU - Boland, W. AU - Bouman, Katherine L. AU - Bower, Geoffrey C. AU - Boyce, Hope AU - Bremer, Michael AU - Brinkerink, Christiaan D. AU - Brissenden, Roger AU - Britzen, S. AU - Broderick, Avery E. AU - Broguière, Dominique AU - Bronzwaer, Thomas AU - Byun, Do‐Young AU - Carlstrom, J. E. AU - Chael, Andrew AU - Chan, Chi‐kwan AU - Chatterjee, Shami AU - Chatterjee, Koushik AU - Chen, Ming‐Tang AU - Cheng, Xiaopeng AU - Chesler, Paul M. AU - Cho, Ilje AU - Christian, Pierre AU - Conway, John Edward AU - Cordes, J. M. AU - Crawford, T. M. AU - Crew, G. AU - Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro AU - Cui, Yuzhu AU - Davelaar, Jordy AU - Laurentis, Mariafelicia De AU - Deane, Roger P AU - Dempsey, Jessica T. AU - Desvignes, G. AU - Dexter, Jason AU - Doeleman, Sheperd S. AU - Eatough, Ralph P. AU - Falcke, Heino D. AU - Farah, Joseph AU - Fish, Vincent L. AU - Fomalont, Edward B. AU - Ford, H. Alyson AU - Fraga-Encinas, Raquel AU - Friberg, Per AU - Fromm, Christian M. AU - Fuentes, Antonio AU - Galison, Peter Louis AU - Gammie, Charles F. AU - García, Roberto AU - Gelles, Zachary AU - Gentaz, Olivier AU - Georgiev, Boris AU - Goddi, C. AU - Gold, Roman AU - Gómez, José Luis AU - Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. AU - Gu, Minfeng AU - Gurwell, Mark AU - Hada, Kazuhiro AU - Haggard, Daryl AU - Hecht, M. H. AU - Hesper, Ronald AU - Himwich, Elizabeth AU - Ho, Luis C. AU - Ho, Paul T. P. AU - Honma, Mareki AU - Huang, Chih-Wei L. AU - Huang, Lei AU - Hughes, David H. AU - Ikeda, Shiro AU - Inoue, Makoto AU - Issaoun, Sara AU - James, David J. AU - Jannuzi, Buell T. AU - Janssen, Michaël AU - Jeter, Britton AU - Jiang, Wu AU - Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra AU - Johnson, Michael D. AU - Jorstad, Svetlana G. AU - Jung, Taehyun AU - Karami, Mansour AU - Karuppusamy, Ramesh AU - Kawashima, Tomohisa AU - Keating, Garrett K. AU - Kettenis, Mark AU - Kim, Dong-Jin AU - Kim, Jae-Young AU - Kim, Jongsoo AU - Kim, Junhan AU - Kino, Motoki AU - Koay, Jun Yi AU - Kofuji, Yutaro AU - Koch, Patrick M. AU - Koyama, Shoko AU - Krämer, M. AU - Kramer, Carsten AU - Krichbaum, T. P. AU - Kuo, Cheng‐Yu AU - Lauer, Tod R. AU - Lee, Sang-Sung AU - Levis, Aviad AU - Li, Yanrong AU - 李, Zhiyuan 志远 Li AU - Lindqvist, M. AU - Lico, Rocco AU - Lindahl, Greg AU - 刘, Jun 俊 Liu AU - Liu, Kuan AU - Liuzzo, Elisabetta AU - Lo, Wen-Ping AU - Lobanov, Andrei P. AU - Loinard, Laurent AU - Lonsdale, C. J. AU - Lu, Rusen S. AU - Macdonald, Nicholas Roy AU - 毛, Jirong 基荣 Mao AU - Marchili, N. AU - Markoff, Sera AU - Marrone, Daniel P. AU - Marscher, Alan P. AU - Martí-Vidal, Iván AU - Matsushita, Satoki AU - Matthews, Lynn D. AU - Medeiros, Lia AU - Menten, Karl M. AU - Mizuno, Izumi AU - Mizuno, Yosuke AU - Moran, James M. AU - Moriyama, Kotaro AU - Mościbrodzka, Monika A. AU - Müller, Cornelia AU - Musoke, Gibwa AU - Mus, Alejandro AU - Michalik, Daniel AU - Nadolski, Andrew AU - Nagai, Hiroshi AU - Nagar, Neil M. AU - Nakamura, Masanori AU - Narayan, Ramesh AU - Narayan, Ramesh AU - Natarajan, Iniyan AU - Nathanail, Antonios AU - Neilsen, Joey AU - Neri, R. AU - Ni, Chunchong AU - Noutsos, A. AU - Nowak, Michael A. AU - Okino, Hiroki AU - Olivares, Héctor AU - Ortiz-León, Gisela N. AU - Oyama, Tomoaki AU - Özel, Feryal AU - Palumbo, Daniel C. M. AU - Park, Jongho AU - Patel, Nimesh AU - Pen, Ue‐Li AU - Pesce, Dominic W. AU - Piétu, Vincent AU - Plambeck, R. L. AU - PopStefanija, Aleksandar AU - Porth, Oliver AU - Pötzl, Felix M. AU - Prather, Ben S. AU - Preciado-López, Jorge A. AU - Psaltis, Dimitrios AU - Pu, Hung-Yi AU - Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh AU - Rao, Ramprasad AU - Rawlings, Mark G. AU - Raymond, Alexander W. AU - Rezzolla, Luciano AU - Ricarte, Angelo AU - Ripperda, Bart AU - Roelofs, Freek AU - Rogers, Alan E. E. AU - Ros, Eduardo AU - Rose, Mel AU - Roshanineshat, Arash AU - Rottmann, Helge AU - Roy, Alan L. AU - Ruszczyk, Chet AU - Rygl, Kazi L. J. AU - Sánchez, Salvador AU - Sánchez-Argüelles, David AU - Sasada, Mahito AU - Savolainen, T. AU - Schloerb, F. Peter AU - Schuster, Karl-Friedrich AU - Shao, Lijing AU - Shen, Zhiqiang Q. AU - Small, Des AU - Sohn, Bong Won AU - Whittier, J. SooHoo AU - Sun, He AU - Tazaki, Fumie AU - Tetarenko, Alexandra J. AU - Tiede, Paul AU - Tilanus, Remo P. J. AU - Titus, Michael AU - Toma, Kenji AU - Torné, Pablo AU - Trent, Tyler AU - Traianou, Efthalia AU - Trippe, Sascha AU - Bemmel, Ilse M. van AU - Langevelde, Huib Jan van AU - Rossum, Daniel R. van AU - Wagner, Jan AU - Ward-Thompson, Derek AU - Wardle, John F. C. AU - Weintroub, Jonathan AU - Wex, Norbert AU - Wharton, Robert AU - Wielgus, Maciek AU - Wong, George N. AU - Wu, Qingwen AU - Yoon, Doosoo AU - Young, André AU - Young, Ken AU - Younsi, Ziri AU - Yuan, Feng AU - Yuan, Feng AU - Zensus, J. A. AU - Zhao, Guang-Yao AU - Zhao, Shan-Shan TI - First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon JO - The Astrophysical Journal Letters VL - 910 IS - 1 SP - L13 PY - 2021 DA - 2021/03/01 DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/abe4de UR - https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe4de ER -

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon

Abstract

Search papers like this from Claude.

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon

Abstract

Cite this paper

Ask Claude about this paper